Category Archives: Thai & SE Asian Medicines

The Traditional Medicine of North Thailand

Syndicated from: http://innerjourneys.com.au/north-thailand-hilltribe-healers-tour/north-thailand-traditional-medicines

 

 

North Thailand Traditional Medicine is a living tradition with its roots stretching back many hundreds of years.

Its tradition is oral, with training passed from traditional healer to student-healer with no formal institutionalised training. The current Traditional medicine base is mainly rural and within the smaller villages that make up larger centres such as Greater Chiang Mai.

It is different from the more formalised Thai Traditional Medicine which is centred on Wat Po in Bangkok and which has, in more recent years, attracted new students and certainly has the larger share of any “official support”.

Paralleling the North Thai Traditional Medicine are the Traditional Healers from the Hilltribes. They are comprised of different tribal groups who have migrated to Thailand over the past few hundred years. The traditional medicine traditions of the Lisu, Lahu, Hmong, Karen and Akha Hilltribes are also oral. Whilst each Hilltribe has their own traditional medicine they all share some commonality with each other and the Lanna Thai of North Thailand.

Traditional Medicine Specialities

Mor Muang is the general term for “local doctor” and encompasses different traditional medicine specialities including Mor Ya (Herbalist), Mor Pao (Bone Blower), Mor Suang (Spiritual Healer). A predominantly male tradition outsiders have to be accepted by a “master” and then pass an initiation ceremony before being accepted into that specific traditional medicine discipline. Although an individual may be multi skilled most individual healers focus on one particular speciality.

The Mor Ya (herbalist) covers the whole disease spectrum and formulates scripts based upon herbs and other natural substances as a part of their traditional medicine.

The Mor Pao (Bone Blower) specialises in wounds or broken bones. He often manipulates the bones and applies splints or poultices to the area around the fracture or wound and applies, by blowing, incantations to the affected area.

The Mor Suang (Spiritual Healer) performs a series of ceremonies and incantations through calling on the spiritual essence of the client and connects with his spirit guides for assistance. Sometimes the healer may include specific referral to another traditional healer speciality and/or specific actions in order to alleviate the underlying cause of the ailment.

Other traditional Lanna Thai traditional medicine practitioners include:

Mor Nuad (Massage) whilst massage is an integral part of Thai traditional medicine home remedies, most often within the family, there are masseurs who have specialist styles and treatments. Both male and female can be Mor Nuad.

Mor Tam Yae (Midwives) are predominantly female and specialise in childbirth. The training is passed down through the family. In areas easily within the reach of western medicine this traditional medicine is rapidly disappearing.

Mor Cao Baan (Astrologers) are part of a mainly female healer tradition. They divine the causation of a particular ailment and may apply specific “rubbing” ceremonies to effect a cure or refer the client to another traditional medicine specialist once the cause has been divined.

Although the names for the specialists may vary The North Thai Hilltribes also feature many specialists similar to the Lanna Thai and in addition there is a central role amongst many of the Hilltribes for the village Shaman (Mor Pi) and Soul Retriever (Mor Kwan).

The Mor Pi (Shaman) is the village connection with the spirit world where ancestors and spirits dwell. They are predominantly chosen by the spirits themselves through some near death experience or divination by a group of village elders. Mostly they use trance in order to connect with their guiding ancestor spirits and the treatment is effected in the spirit world and/or specific ceremonies are recommended to the client.

Whilst similar to the Mor Pi the Mor Kwan (soul retriever), rescues the spirit of the client when it has been “stolen away” by a vengeful spirit causing an illness. Very specific curative rights and ceremonies are performed sometimes involving the whole family or village.

Concepts of Traditional Medicine Causality

The Traditional Healers have no tradition of surgery and therefore their concepts of causality of disease differ strongly from those in the western medical tradition. Wind and blood are two strong causative factors and are often closely connected.

The wind (lom) surrounds us all and is easily affected. There may be too much wind or too little and it may turn poisonous. Diseases that cause fainting, uncontrolled movement and heart pain are indicative of too much wind and are by far the most common. Certain foods and outside odours are said to be the cause of too much wind. Too little wind affects the mobility of limbs and is characterised by paralysis.

Blood (lyad) is recognised as the basic fluid of the body but as the healers have no tradition of surgery, the circulatory system is not well understood in a western sense. It may be normal, hot, cold, too much or too little and can be said to be the cause of many wind diseases.

Many diseases are affected by poison (Pid). This could be the direct poisoning from a venomous bite or ingestion of bad food but also the less tangible aspect of “poison spirits”. This poison also has an affect on the blood and wind. Treatments are concentrated on isolating the poison, restricting its spread, and on herbal treatments for expelling it from the system. This may also involve a very prescribed diet. Diet restrictions are very integral to the whole curative process.

Hot and Cold, the two opposites are important in classification of illness as well as the types of cures to apply. The client’s perceptions of heat and cold are an important diagnostic tool for the healers. A fever for example may turn out to be hot, cold or neither and the healer proceeds with treatments indicated by these symptoms. The general rule is hot diseases are treated with cold medicines and visa versa.

The opposites of left and right, male and female are also important in diagnosis as well as the presence of “mother”. The “mother” is a physical entity that enters the body and must be located and “killed” before a cure could be affected. Most important is withholding the food that supports her and once again diet becomes very important.

Causality can be summarised as: Trauma, Ingestion of materials alien to the body, Exterior contact with materials alien to the body, Bad food or food inappropriate to the client’s body, Noxious odours or fumes, Insect and animal bites, Intestinal worms, Diseases caused by spirits, Psychological factors, Black magic, Climate, Seasons, Age of client, Karma.

In North Thai Traditional Medicine the knowledge of disease has grown out of experience and the knowledge used in their diagnosis and treatment is mainly from a symptomatic base.

The Future

Traditional medicine was, in fact, outlawed as unscientific with the advent of western medicine in Thailand a century ago. As a result, the ancient knowledge was cast aside because practitioners were afraid of being arrested as charlatans. It was only recently that the ban was lifted and what had continued underground came slowly out into the open.

The tradition of knowledge is passed on by word of mouth with no centralised teaching. Herbal remedies are closely held secrets, even to the fact that when recipes are written down some of the most potent ingredients might be deliberately left out. Students learned from one “master”, usually in a narrow degree of specialty, and then widened their studies by working with more “masters” as time went on and circumstances allowed.

Will North Thai Traditional Medicine survive? In some middle class and more educated circles traditional medicine has become “trendy” and has received some support whilst in most Government Circles the support is ambivalent at best. Some see traditional medicine as a way of extending medical coverage without the cost or investment whilst in some areas traditional clinics are growing up along side the western medical centres.

From the client’s point of view, more is better. More choice! The trend points towards clients seeking treatment along the lines of first visiting a pharmacy, second a western style medical clinic and third a traditional healer. Anecdotal evidence shows clients using all forms of medical help simultaneously

In the words of one healer, Phra Khru Uppakara Pattanakij, abbot of Nong Yah Nang Temple: “We want to offer ordinary people more choices in health care. And we can do this by respecting the wisdom of our ancestors and keeping it alive by practising it.”

Although struggling, North Thai Traditional Medicine has every chance of survival and strengthening. A great influence on its success will be the healers and whether they can change some of their traditional secretive practices in order to create a centralised healing knowledge base and training program. We, in the west, have gone through a similar process in our past and now alternative healing and traditional medicine is gaining popularity each year. There is every reason to hope for a similar response in North Thailand. http://www.innerjourneys.com.au/information/Healers.htm

For full information on how you can visit and learn from the healers of the healing and culture click on the following link: Visit The North Thai Traditional Healers

 

The efficacy of traditional Thai massage for the treatment of chronic pain: A systematic review.

Related Articles

The efficacy of traditional Thai massage for the treatment of chronic pain: A systematic review.

Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2015 Jan 31;

Authors: Keeratitanont K, Jensen MP, Chatchawan U, Auvichayapat P

Abstract

RATIONAL AND BACKGROUND: Traditional Thai massage (TTM) is an alternative medicine treatment used for pain relief. The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the research about the effects of TTM on pain intensity and other important outcomes in individuals with chronic pain.

METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the controlled trials of the effects of TTM, using the keywords “Traditional Thai massage” or “Thai massage” with the keyword “Chronic pain.”

RESULTS: Six research articles met the inclusion criteria. All of the studies found a pre- to post-treatment pain reductions, varying from 25% to 80% and was also associated with improvements in disability, perceived muscle tension, flexibility and anxiety.

SUMMARY: The TTM benefits of pain reduction appear to maintain for up to 15 weeks. Additional research is needed to identify the moderators, mediators and to determine the long-term benefits of TTM relative to control conditions.

PMID: 25682523 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

Pichest Boonthumme

Guest post and photo © Ananda Apfelbaum
www.thaimassagesacredbodywork.com

I feel honored to have been asked to write about Pichest for this website. Pichest has been my teacher since 1992. He is amazing. It is hard to put to words just how amazing he is.

Pichest was born on June 19, 1958 to Bauw and Bauw Jan Boonthumme in Hang Dong, a small village in northern Thailand. They named their baby son Narin. Narin’s father, Bauw, was a traditional Thai doctor and herbalist. His mother, Bauw Jan, was a cook. When I asked Pichest when he had started to learn massage, he told me that as a young child he used to walk on his father’s back to help him relax before going to sleep. Later, when he was seven or eight years old, his father started to teach him massage, herbs and traditional medicine. Pichest said he really did not understand much of what his father taught him until years later, but that, at the time, it taught him patience.

One day when Narin was twenty-three or twenty-four years old he accompanied his father to the Old Medicine Hospital in Chiang Mai where his father needed to pick up some herbs. At the time, Narin was hoping to find any kind of work as he had recently gotten married and needed to support his wife. It so happened that he was offered work that day at the Old Medicine Hospital. He gladly took the job and learned the hospital’s Thai massage techniques. Then, in 1983 he was asked to become a staff member and went on to become one of the hospital’s lead practitioners and teachers.

After some years of teaching at the Old Medicine Hospital, the daily commute from Hang Dong to Chiang Mai (about twenty minutes) got to him and in 1990 Pichest decided to quit.

A couple of years later I found myself studying Thai Massage in Chiang Mai. I studied with various teachers and then wound my way to the Old Medicine Hospital. While studying there, I asked who the great local teachers and practitioners were and Pichest’s name came up.

I soon set out to find him. It wasn’t so easy to find Pichest’s place in Hang Dong, but eventually the driver of the sam-lor (three wheeler auto rickshaw) I was in, did. Pichest warmly welcomed me into his home and sat me down in the main room. Somehow he communicated with me that in order to start studying with him I had to come back with lotus buds, incense, fruit and the class payment. At that time, Pichest spoke no English, so I can’t remember how we communicated.

I soon returned to Chiang Mai with the driver and the next day went shopping for all the required offerings. Then, since I now knew where to get off in Hang Dong, I took a songthaew (open bus) to Hang Dong and then walked down a dirt road that ran along a rice field to Pichest’s house.

Pichest lives in his ancestral home, which is an old two-story building. Upstairs there is a large shrine room where Pichest meditates. It seemed very magical to me the few times I was up there.

When I first started studying with Pichest, he had only one other student. He taught each of us individually. Class was held in the main room, which had a raised section with a Thai mat on it at one end of the room. Even though Pichest and I couldn’t talk to each other, I was able to learn by feeling what he was doing. At that time he was still teaching a sequence that covered techniques in the supine, side lying, prone, inverted and seated positions.

Pichest told me and the other student that he wanted more students, but it seemed hard to get people from Chiang Mai to his house. We tried to help him by making posters, but things really did not pick up. At the time, he was giving sessions to Thai people. There were no “farangs” (westerners) coming for treatment, as no one knew about him.

After I had studied with Pichest for a while, he told me I should leave and practice what I had learned. So I left.

About a year later I returned to Thailand and was taking some very boring classes elsewhere. One of the students there told me she was going that afternoon to get a massage from someone outside of Chiang Mai. She invited me to accompany her. I had no idea where she was going. When we arrived in Hang Dong, I realized we were going to Pichest’s! As I watched Pichest work on her, I realized how greatly his work stood out from the various other teachers and practitioners I had been meeting in Thailand. His every move seemed ergonomic, precise, powerful, fluid like a dancer’s and magical. He seemed to have an uncanny sense of what was needed and seemed directly tuned into her. After the session, she and I decided to quit the boring school in favor of studying with Pichest. That was a turning point for me. From that time onwards, whenever I have been in Thailand, I have only studied with Pichest.

By this time, Pichest knew a little more English, so we could converse some. That was when I found out how he got his name Pichest. When he was twenty-seven years old, he had massaged a monk who was so moved by the treatment that he told Pichest that it was time for a name change. At the time Pichest was still called Narin. The monk then blessed him with the name Pichest which means special, unique, extraordinary. Pichest also explained that Boon, which is the first part of his last name, means good or merit. His name is so apt as he truly embodies a special, extraordinary giver of healing.

While studying with Pichest this second time around, I had my first massage session with him and I remember that his pressure seemed very intense. I also recall the experience of drifting away into a profound state of relaxation when he sat on my leg in the side lying position for a “blood stop” (arterial compression). During consequent treatments I thought that his pressure was less and less intense, but then I realized that it was me who was changing as my body was becoming more and more open; not his pressure lessening!

Pichest told me he hoped to find a place nearby to teach. He wanted to teach in a temple and then confided in me that he really had always wanted to be a monk, but, now that he was married and had a son, couldn’t. The search for a temple for Pichest to teach out of was underway when one day Pichest suddenly announced that he was going to build a school on the land in his garden next to the house. A few days later, construction of his school began.

Before long a building with two rooms was completed. One room was for Pichest’s wife’s spirit work; the other room was for classes. About a third of the classroom became a shrine area filled with statues and pictures of saints, Buddhas, Ganeshes, Jivaka, Kruba Srivichai (Chiang Mai’s patron saint), the Thai royal family, flowers, incense, fruit and beautiful hanging decorations.

From then on, I went annually to Thailand to study with Pichest. His English got better and more students started to come. We decided to run the classes every two weeks starting on the first and third Monday of every month. On these days students were expected to bring offerings – flowers, incense, fruit, money. Pichest would then draw on the top of our heads with a sharp object as if inscribing a blessing.

Classes were from nine to four Monday through Friday. There was a break for lunch, which we took at a little nearby restaurant. Sometimes Pichest would join us there, but more often than not, he ate food prepared by his wife at home. In class, he was often busy reciting prayers and making candles with prayers wrapped inside them. At times, local people came by for his blessings. Many families who were loosing a family member from Aids came to him. He would pray for them. It was very sad.

Pichest, however, didn’t seem to get saddened. I learned that he believed this life was just one in a series of reincarnations so there was no need to be too attached to this incarnation. This really came home one rainy night when we were driving in his car. There were many little frogs on the road and I was so worried we would run them over. Pichest tried to console me saying, “No problem, another life coming.” He has this detached side even though he is so alive and so involved with life.

I think Pichest’s larger view has to do with his meditation practice which he stresses is the most important practice in his life. He explained that meditation has taught him so much, including ways to improve his teaching and massage practice.

Pichest also relies on his dreams a lot and often gets dreams which he says are direct transmissions from Jivako. When he gets these dreams he follows through on the instructions. I remember at one time he was teaching us three inside leg lines. Then one day he told us that from now on we would be thumbing two inside leg lines. When I asked him why, he said he had received instruction from Jivako to change to two pathways in a dream the previous night.

When I asked Pichest who his teachers are besides Jivako, he told me they are the Buddha, the yogi spirit and his father. He also often mentions Kruba Srivichai and Professor Dol Jai who taught at Wat Po and the Old Medicine Hospital. Sometimes he also brings up Lung Ta, a man who used to live in Hang Dong who taught Pichest how to read the old northern Thai language.

Whenever, there was a student in class who had a professional background in some modality such as osteopathy or chiropractic, Pichest wanted to learn from them. After understanding these new techniques, they became a part of Pichest’s work.

Learning with Pichest is much much more than learning Thai massage techniques. It is about learning to be present without preconceptions. He tells people again and again, “Too much thinking” and tries to get them into feeling. Sometimes, when he felt I had a particularly “thinking” question he would raise his cane over my head, but then with a smile lower it.

One of his first words in English was “connect”. He would say connect, connect over and over again while pointing out how each part of the body was connected with the next. He would have us feel areas of tension and show us how they connected to places of tension above and below that area. He always seemed to know exactly what to do to relieve the tension.

In those early days at his school, he did not give Dharma talks in the morning, nor did we recite Om Namo, but I have heard that he now does that. In those days, we just started practicing under his guidance or, if he was busy or sleepy, which he often was, he would nap on his couch and have me teach. I was always amazed how he would wake up and know just who was making what mistake and would then correct them. At the time, we practiced a routine flow over the course of two weeks, which was more or less repeated every two weeks.

Sometimes, I got upset that I was there in Thailand hoping to study and paying for classes, but instead I was teaching and Pichest was sleeping! Finally Pichest and I had a talk about this and he agreed to give me private lessons after class was over. It was during this time that my practice started to get refined and to deepen even though Pichest often was dozing off when I worked on him.

Every day after class, Pichest had clients. His treatments were incredible and I was blessed to have several sessions with him as well as to be able to observe him treating others. His psychic ability would shine through especially when he did blood stops (arterial compressions), as he then seemed able to access hidden information about the person he was working on. Often, after the treatment he would advise the person as to what prayers and offerings they should do to remove certain negative entities or energies.

Whenever, there was a student who had a professional background in some modality such as osteopathy or chiropractic, Pichest wanted to learn from them. After understanding these new techniques, they became a part of Pichest’s work.

Pichest is a master. Years later, I can still “feel” his touch and remember his predictions, advice and care. Pichest’s mastery is from his complete union with his work, with his body and with the person before him. He tunes in to them and knows exactly where they need help and just how to release them.

Eventually, as Pichest was teaching full time and seeing clients every day after class, except Sundays, it became too much and he had a melt down which landed him in the hospital. He was there for quite a while, but finally to everyone’s relief, he came home. After that, Pichest no longer gave treatments after class and the class structure changed. He stopped teaching sequences and instead focused on therapeutics. There was no special format for this. He would work spontaneously on whomever he felt needed to be worked on, using them as a demo for the class. Sometimes he worked on outside people who needed help but they were treated within the context of the class. His teaching continued to emphasize “non thinking” and being present.

My book, Thai Massage Sacred Bodywork, which is dedicated to Pichest, came out in 2003. I went to Thailand to specially give him the book in person. After the book’s release, the number of students finding their way to Pichest rose dramatically and I recently heard that sometimes he has as many as seventy-five students in a class. Gone are the days when Pichest needed students!

Every now and then Pichest sends me a blessing via one or another of my students who is over in Thailand studying with him. Recently, he sent me a little Jivako statue that sits on my windowsill watching over my treatments. It seems as if Pichest is in the room then.

In closing, I pray with folded hands, that Pichest continues to be there for all of us who seek his blessings. May he be blessed with long life, good health, joy, loving kindness, peace and ease.

Lek Chaiya, Revered Healer and Founder of “Jap-Sen” Nerve Touch Herbal Thai Massage

Guest post by Janice Gagnon

I met Lek Chaiya on my first sojourn to Thailand in 1997. At that time I had no idea that she would come to mean so much to me. Lek Chaiya, affectionately called “Mama Lek,” began to learn Thai massage and healing medicine at a young age from her mother, a healer and a practitioner of midwifery and massage in the village of Jom Thong, Chiang Mai. Lek’s given name was Lek Thiwong. The name “Chaiya” was handed down to her later by her teacher when Lek was made the lineage holder prior to her teacher’s death. Lek also studied herbalism and traditional massage in northern and southern Thailand, raised 2 sons, and eventually founded her own style of Thai massage, called “Nerve Touch” or Jap-Sen (meaning “to grasp” the Sen lines).

Jap Sen is a deep tissue approach that improves joint function and mobility by restructuring and aligning muscles, tendons and bones, and by stimulating pathways in the nervous system. This unique style of Thai massage works to stimulate the flow of energy or “lom” throughout the body by “twanging” or thumb rolling over the intricate system of sen lines and the ridges of muscles. This creates a deeper release of blockages in energy flow and a resonating affect through dense or tight muscles, tendons and nerves. Lek’s style is a very specific approach with the intention focused on relieving painful and even debilitating conditions. Lek Chaiya refined her technique to especially benefit people with numbness and paralysis.

lekandjan

I was fortunate to have private study with Lek in 1997, as she did not advertise to tourists at that time. I learned by workingside by side with her in sessions that treated conditions like persistent back and knee pain, or easing andfacilitating a smooth pregnancy, as well as more serious cases such as paralysis. With regular treatment, a manwho was paralyzed and in a wheelchair was able to walk and even to garden once again. I was fascinated andmoved by Lek Chaiya’s knowledge, confidence and trust in her own abilities. I came toappreciate the nearly miraculous therapeutic changes that took place in her clients, and I began to understandthe potential of Thai massage to evoke deep healing on all levels; physical, mental, and spiritual. I observed one of her clients, an elderly man hunched over with pain and walking with a cane, after only two sessions with Lek (3 days apart) he was able to stand straight and walk unsupported. In another case, a recent stroke victim, 95% paralyzed on one side, was restored to 100% functioning after just a few months of weekly sessions. Witnessing Lek Chaiya and working closely with her gave me a lifetime of inspiration for this work.

lekinclassincali

The impact of watching a master working in their element is both fascinating and emotionally moving. What is it that makes her a “Master?” A refined and polished sense of touch, lead by purity of heart and excellent intuition. An intention for healing with the focused guidance of an ancient foundation and tradition. She begins and ends each day with prayers to the Buddha, the ancestors and the founder of Thai massage, Shivaka Kumarabhacca. To her, this healing art is an integral part of her everyday life.

I brought Lek to California seven times from 2002-2010, we co-taught together several trainings Basic to Advanced Levels of Nerve Touch Herbal Thai Massage. One night when we were in San Francisco for a sightseeing weekend, I couldn’t sleep. She advised me to recite the traditional mantra “Om Namo” until it calmed my mind. I realized that the spiritual foundation of this ancient healing art is available at each moment. These teachings are handed down through the generations from an early age. I hold dear to me the beautiful image of Lek in the mornings with my young daughter sitting at her side with hands in prayer, eyes closed and hearts open. When Lek Chaiya is giving a Thai massage, she holds this consciousness, this prayer in her movements with a child-like curiosity. This type of mindfulness and confidence clearly evokes change and facilitates deep healing.

Lek Chaiya dedicated most of her life to the study, practice and teaching of Traditional Thai Massage. She developed a style that has helped tens of thousands of people within her lifetime and through the transmission of her work in her teachings will continue to benefit the world.

LEK CHAIYA PASSED AWAY ON APRIL 19, 2013 at the age of 74 years. Lek Chaiya became a mentor, teacher and motherly figure in my life. I know that she has touched the hearts of so many people. She has truly graced us through her loving stewardship of the tradition of Thai massage.

 

Lek Chaiya LEK CHAIYA’S CERTIFICATES AND AWARDS

Special Training: Herbs Royal Project Committee,
Lampang Thailand, December 1982

Special training : How to use herbs  Royal Project Committee,
Chiangmai, September 1985

NerveTouch Massage Basic Training, Committee of Northern Herbs Association.
Chiangmai, January 1987

Special Curriculum for Using Herbs, Committee of Herbs Center of Thailand.
Chiangmai, March 1993

Special Curriculum for Using Herbs, Committee of Herbs Center of Thailand
Chiangmai, January 1996

Award, Special Herbs Training Course, Mae Rim District,
Chiangmai, January 1996

Training of advanced study for masseurs, Project of Rehabilitation of
Thai Massage, Foundation of Health Development,
Bangkok, December 1996

Training of advanced study for masseurs, Foundation of Health Development.
Bangkok, December 1997

Appointed: Lecturer of Thai Massage,
The Project of Rehabilitation for Thai Masseur(s), Foundation of Health
Development, Bangkok.

******

MOTHER LEK CHAIYA PASSED AWAY ON 19TH APRIL 2013, aged 74 years.

 

bali2011c Janice Gagnon is the founder of Spirit Winds School of Thai Massage located in Nevada City, CA. She has been studying throughout all regions of Thailand since 1997. She studied at the Institute of Thai Massage and The Old Medi­cine Hospital in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Janice has also studied extensively one-to-one with Master Lek Chaiya in “Jap-Sen” or Nerve Touch Thai Massage. Janice has hosted and co-taught with Lek Chaiya at Spirit Winds since 2002, Lek has been a primary influence in her therapeutic work. Janice is recognized as an Advanced Instructor and Therapist.

Spirit Winds School of Thai Massage
Nevada City, CA
www.spiritwinds.net
530-263-3181

A Thai Approach to Constipation

©2006 Laura Hoge

Laura Hoge, RYT, CMT is the owner of Peaceful Edge Yoga, LLC offering private yoga instruction, western and Thai massage to the Central/Northern NJ area since 2003. She currently teaches Thai massage within the Tao Mountain Network. Prior to her current profession, Laura worked as a New Jersey State Licensed Funeral Director and spent years helping clients process grief and grief related complications. Her current practice is based on a similar heart centered approach to well being. Aside from her study and practice of Asian energy work, Laura has recently completed her second album and devotes her time to musical composition, creative writing, spiritual research and philosophical study. For information regarding Thai massage instruction or upcoming concerts, please visit her websites: www.peacefuledgeyoga.com or www.laurahiggins.com.

Definition, Symptoms and Causes

Constipation, or a lack of proper frequency in bowel movements, can be frustrating on many levels. Though it is more commonly associated with the aging community, most people have been constipated at one point or another due to situational stress or an unhealthy diet. It has also become one of the more frequent side effects of both anti- depressant and chemotherapeutic therapies here in the west.

Some of the symptoms of constipation include, but are not limited to, difficulty starting and/or finishing bowel movements, infrequent passage of stool, passing hard stool after prolonged straining, cramping, abdominal pain, excessive gas or the inability to pass gas, and in the cases of obstruction, nausea and vomiting, distended abdomen, headaches and loss of appetite.

Aside from the physical discomfort it creates, identifying causative factors can vary from person to person. Many times, constipation is a result of improper nutrition. For example, eating foods that are highly refined or high in animal fat content can be to blame. Insufficient intake of fiber is another known trigger. Other causes include, but are not limited to, medications such as antidepressants, chemotherapeutics, antispasmodics, iron supplementation tablets, overuse of antacids, and painkillers. Many people find that traveling causes lackluster bowel functioning as well. Unfortunately, some of the more insidious, and thankfully rarer causes for constipation include blockages resulting from hernias, intestinal tumors, damage to nerves within the intestine, gallstones, and/or thyroid or metabolic disorders.

Though it is always necessary to identify the cause of constipation, especially to root out some of the more serious conditions or blockages, Traditional Thai Massage can be an effective means of alleviating some of its discomfort and help the client to stimulate his/her own healthy flow of digestive energy and proper intestinal peristalsis.

Treating Constipation – Western Style

Just as causes for constipation vary in severity, so do treatments. In most cases simple lifestyle and dietary changes will suffice. When conditions are more severe, additional regimens of medications, enemas, colonic irrigation and/or surgery may be necessary.

In cases where improper nutrition is the cause, apposite intake of nutrients is often the remedy. By increasing one’s intake of water and natural liquids, fiber, fresh fruits and whole grains and at the same time decreasing the intake of highly processed foods, dairy and animal fat, a person’s digestive tract can return to an effective homeostasis. In Thailand, some of the more commonly ingested foods and herbs that treat constipation include galangal, ginger, lemongrass, basil, hot herbs such as black pepper, cayenne, cloves, red and green curries, etc. Papaya, banana and tamarind are also added to the diet to stimulate digestion and an increase in exercise can also prove helpful. Included in this article you will find a recipe for what has essentially become the “chicken soup” of Thailand. It can be a helpful remedy for constipation because of its inclusion of galangal (or ginger) and other hot tasting herbs. Also included are directions to make Som Tam, another therapeutic dish that features both papaya and green chili, two effective supplements for treating constipation.

When dietary treatment proves ineffective, allopathic doctors often recommend an over- the-counter laxative or regimen of enemas to stimulate peristalsis. Unfortunately, this type of treatment can carry contraindications for those taking certain medicines since it impedes the body’s natural absorption of supplements, minerals and nutrients. These therapies also carry addictive concerns when used to often, sometimes leaving the body reliant upon them to maintain what should be a natural bodily function.

For those who are constipated because of an obstructive mass, hernia, nerve damage, etc., surgery to remove the tumor and/or correct the condition may be required. In these cases, Traditional Thai Massage is not the best course of treatment.

How Thai Massage Can Help

When a person is experiencing discomfort as a result of mild to moderate constipation (where obstructions, hernias, etc. are not the cause), Traditional Thai Massage can be a highly effective means of treatment. According to Thai belief, all of the energetic meridians in the body, or sen, originate at the navel. Because of this, a significant amount of emphasis is placed upon manipulating and removing energetic imbalances in the abdomen. A common byproduct of this is a regular gastrointestinal response.

Aside from abdominal manipulation, many of the yoga stretches performed during Traditional Thai massage can have a great impact on the constipated client. The use of herbal compresses can stimulate the body’s digestive responsibility as well, especially when using hot herbs such as ginger, galangal and/or turmeric.

Below is the traditional series for abdominal manipulation as is taught at the Shivagakomarpaj Traditional Medicine Hospital in Chiang Mai.

1. The practitioner applies moving pressure to the abdomen in the direction of the colon (clockwise).

Within any traditional Thai massage sequence, a practitioner will circle the abdomen once or twice, applying pressure at the points shown below. However, when treating issues of digestive stagnation it is therapeutic to increase the number of repetitions. It is also important to note that the abdomen may be a sensitive area for the client both emotionally and physically and careful consideration must be taken into account in order to ensure comfort during treatment. Each person will respond differently to levels of pressure.

2. Thumb pressure (jap sen) is applied on the eight points surrounding the navel. This pressure is often applied to two points at the same time, beginning with those directly lateral to the navel. Then the top left and bottom right points are addressed, followed by those above and below the navel. The circle is then completed with jap sen to the upper right and bottom left points. By completing the treatment in this sequence, the practitioner is always working in a clockwise fashion, complementing the body’s natural digestive flow.

The above step will not only treat constipation, but since all of the traditional Thai sen originate at the navel, it is not unusual for a client to experience a subsidence in symptoms associated with unrelated energetic imbalances.

3. Palm pressure on abdomen

The Shivagakomarpaj Traditional Medicine Hospital in Chiang Mai offers a variety of different techniques that can be employed when administering step 3 on a client. For those that are experiencing minor symptoms of constipation, a combination of gentle palm pressure (on eight points illustrated above in step 1) and cued exhalations of breath is quite effective.

For clients presenting with more advanced constipation, alternate and/or adjuvant therapies might be suggested. For example, a deeper application of pressure on the aforementioned eight points followed by alternating pressure on either side of the navel can be deeply therapeutic. This latter technique is administered by placing both palms lateral to the navel and then applying pressure alternately in combination with cued exhalations of breath.

Thai Yoga Stretches

In addition to abdominal manipulation, the following stretches may be useful in treating constipation.

  1. Pulling the client’s knees into his/her chest while in the supine position performs the first yoga stretch that is often employed during traditional Thai massage. The practitioner will then add additional pressure by leaning his/her own body weight into the stretch.The benefits of this stretch are in its ability to relieve gaseous accumulations in the intestines. This is largely due to the fact that pressure is applied directly to the ascending, transverse and descending colon. The digestive system responds in a similar fashion to that of a person “squeezing a tube of toothpaste.” The pressure alone inspires the bowels to loosen and move more efficiently.
  2. When mobilizing the joints during traditional Thai massage, practitioners often stretch the hip flexors by alternately bringing a client’s knee to his/her chest. This can also be an effective treatment for constipation as the stretch applies pressure to the ascending and descending colon, eliminates gas and inspires movement within the intestines.*Though traditional massage asks that a woman’s left side be treated first, a more western approach, and one that I find most therapeutic, would suggest that in cases with constipation, the right side be treated first regardless of gender. This is because of the natural clockwise movement of energy and substance through the intestines.
  3. Part of the traditional seated posture sequence, as taught by the Old Medicine Hospital, places the client into a forward bend with legs fully extended. From this posture, the practitioner then applies pressure from behind; the result increases flexibility in the entire back body (i.e. hamstrings, erector spinae, etc.). The byproduct of this stretch, however, can be seen in its additional pressure to the internal organs of the lower abdomen. The result is similar to that of both aforementioned steps.

For clients who have difficulty sitting upright with legs outstretched, the same stretch can be approached in the passive manner seen pictured above. In this instance, the practitioner places the client’s extended legs against his own and using a double grip technique and proper body mechanics, passively lifts the client into the stretch.

Dietary Supplementation

In Thailand, Thai massage is used to address energetic manifestations of illness. Herbs and dietary supplementations and/or restrictions are also important treatments. When addressing issues of constipation, the following recipes are tried and trusted methods for relief.

Ginger Tea

Ginger is a widely used ingredient when treating issues of gastrointestinal distress, constipation, nausea, flatulence, etc. Below is a traditional recipe for tea that is quite soothing to both belly and spirit.

Ingredients

3 cups water
3-5 inches fresh ginger root (washed) sugar (to taste)

1. Remove barky parts of 3-5 inches of fresh ginger root. Crush with mortar and pestle. (Keep in mind that the potency of the taste and the intensity of treatment depends upon the amount of ginger used in this recipe. It is always advisable to seek the help of a doctor or naturopathic practitioner prior to any self-medicating.)

  1. Place ginger with water in pot and boil.
  2. Allow mixture to simmer for 8-9 minutes.
  3. Strain mixture into mug.
  4. Stir and serve with sugar (or substitute honey, stevia, etc.) to taste.

Tom Yum (Koong)

Tom Yum can be made with chicken (kai), shrimp (koong) or for a vegetarian option, substituting vegetable stock and tofu for the base and protein portion of the dish will maintain its efficacy and taste.

1/3 lb shelled shrimp (for more authentic Thai preparation, leave tails on) Approx. 20 straw mushrooms (halved)
2 cups stock (chicken or vegetable)
1/2 lemongrass stalk (cut into 1 inch pieces)

4 kaffir lime leaves
4 slices galangal or ginger (remove barky portions) 10 small green chilies (halved lengthwise)
2 Tbsp. fish sauce
5 sliced shallots
2 Tbsp. lime juice
1/2 tsp. sugar
1/2 tsp. chili paste
1/2 tsp. soy bean oil
cilantro (as desired)

  1. De-vein the shrimp. Rinse, drain and set aside.
  2. In a large pot, combine chicken or vegetable stock, lemongrass, kaffir lime leaves,galangal or ginger, chilies and shallots. Bring to a boil.
  3. Reduce the heat to medium and add mushrooms, fish sauce, lime juice, sugar,chili paste, and soy bean oil and cook for 3-4 minutes.
  4. Add shrimp and continue to cook until shrimp changes color (approximately 2-3minutes)
  5. Remove from heat and serve with sprinkle of cilantro.

Som Tam – Green Papaya Salad

3 cloves of garlic
2-4 green chilies
1/2 Tbsp. sugar
4-5 green beans
2 small tomatoes (quartered) 2 cups grated green papaya 2 Tbsp. lime juice

1 Tbsp. fish sauce (or salt) 2 Tbsp. peanuts (optional)

  1. Shred papaya and set aside.
  2. Combine garlic and chilies in a pestle. Pound until thoroughly mixed.
  3. Add sugar and green beans. Pound again.
  4. Gently mash tomatoes into mixture.
  5. Add papaya. Pound again.
  6. Add lime juice, fish sauce and peanuts. Pound all ingredients together for 1-2minutes.
  7. Serve with a ginger based tea for extra digestive support.

Spiritual Practice

According to Thai tradition, any imbalance that presents in body and/or energy is bound to express itself within the spirit (citta) as well. It is because of this that both client and practitioner must cultivate positive intentions during all treatments whether they be physical, energetic or spiritual. By doing so, the natural healing response becomes inspired in all levels of life; body, energy and spirit.

Sources

“Constipation in Adults: Constipation Symptoms.” http://www.emedicinehealth.com

©2003-2005 eMedicine.com, Inc.

Salguero, Pierce. Encyclopedia of Thai Massage. Scotland: Findhorn Press, 2004, pp.87-93.

The author would like to thank Prathuang (Tim) Impraphai and all of her many guest house teachers for their classes in Thai cookery. The above recipes could not have been created without my initial studies at Thai Chocolate Cookery Center in Chiang Mai.